ACTIVAR

Harmonics FiltrationUtilities generate an almost perfect sinusoidal voltage. Harmonics, created by nonlinear loads such as variable speed drives, power rectifiers, inverters etc., cause nonlinear voltage drops and change the sinusoidal nature of the voltage. When reactive energy is compensated using capacitors, there is a frequency at which the capacitors are in parallel resonance with the power source (high impedance). If the resonant frequency occurs in proximity to one of the harmonic sources, current can circulate between the supply and the capacitors, resulting in high voltage on the line. In this scenario, current levels may exceed the capacitor's rated current by more than two or three times, and can cause transformer burn. Resonance can occur on any frequency, however in most cases, current harmonic source exist at the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonic.The ACTIVAR's custom-designed reactors, used in series with the capacitors, prevent resonance by shifting the capacitor/network resonance frequency below the first dominant harmonic (usually 5th). ![]() Shifting Resonance Frequency Below the 5th Harmonic ![]() Voltage Harmonic Filtration Example Tuned ACTIVAR vs. Active Harmonic FiltersActive filters connect power to the network with an amplitude opposite that of the harmonics. Active filter technology is an expensive solution, and inherently increases system losses. In applications having one or two dominant harmonics, a harmonic tuned Elspec ACTIVAR is the right technical and economic choice, effectively minimising system losses and reducing overall THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). | ApplicationsThe ACTIVAR is the ideal solution for all slow to medium-speed power factor compensation. For fast or ultra-fast applications where the load changes in fractions of seconds, the Elspec EQUALIZER is the right solution. The following applications dramatically benefit from the ACTIVAR: Hospitals and other Medical CenterMedical equipment includes some of the most sensitive apparatus available. Electromechanical switches transients can cause equipment failure, which may result in serious consequences.The ACTIVAR's transient-free switching, together with its harmonic filtration capabilities, is the only solution for power factor correction at hospitals and other medical centers. Data CentersHigh availability is the requirement of data centers. Due to the large volume computers, UPS systems and other communications equipment, data centers have very high harmonic population and are extremely sensitive to transients. In order to meet the high availability requirements, data centers use the ACTIVAR transient-free compensation systems with harmonic filtration. Extrusionxtruders create a tremendous amount of harmonics.The harmonics cause energy losses, overheating and may sometimes lead to fire. Using tuned or detuned ACTIVAR systems, customers can reduce the harmonics pollution THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). Decreasing THD both saves energy and prevents potentially dangerous resonance conditions. Office BuildingsOffice buildings incorporate a significant amount of high harmonic polluting apparatus, including computers, fluorescent lighting and modern elevators. Filtering harmonics saves energy and reduces electrical bills. Using an ACTIVAR system with harmonic filtration assures long life and high performance. Other Industrial LoadsElspec ACTIVAR solutions are successfully installed in thousands of sites with other applications, that due to space limitation were not described in this catalogue. Medium to large factories, regardless of their specific application, will benefit from installing the Elspec ACTIVAR.The advantages for industrial loads are energy saving, harmonic filtration and more. ![]() |
Complete System Ordering Information
System Type | Total Power | Step Size | Number of Groups | Nominal Voltage | Nominal Frequency | Reactors Percentage | Network Typology | Group Protection | Cable Connection | Cable Entry | ||||||
AR | 1440 | 120 | 12 | 400 | 50 | P7 | W | F | C | A | ||||||
System Type | AR | ACTIVAR Complete System | ||||||||||||||
Total Power | Total power in kVAr | |||||||||||||||
Step Size | Step size in kVAr (Switching Resolution) | |||||||||||||||
Number of Groups | Number of Groups (Physical, max. 12) | |||||||||||||||
Nominal Voltage | Nominal Phase-to-Phase Voltage in Volts | |||||||||||||||
Nominal Frequency | Nominal Frequency in Hz (50 or 60 Hz) | |||||||||||||||
Reactors Percentage | P0 | Inrush Limiting Reactors Only | ||||||||||||||
P# | Percents of Capacity. Example: P7 = 7%. | |||||||||||||||
Network Typology | D | Delta 3 Wires | ||||||||||||||
W | Wye 4 Wires | |||||||||||||||
V | Wye 3 Wires | |||||||||||||||
S | Single phase | |||||||||||||||
Group Protection | F | Groups protected by Fuses | ||||||||||||||
M | Groups protected by MCCBs | |||||||||||||||
Cable Connection | C | Single Point with Integral Circuit Breaker | ||||||||||||||
S | Single Connection Point | |||||||||||||||
M | Multiple Connection Points | |||||||||||||||
Cable Entry | T | Top Cable Entry | ||||||||||||||
B | Bottom Cable Entry | |||||||||||||||
A | Top and Bottom Cable Entry | |||||||||||||||
L | Left-Side Cable Entry | |||||||||||||||
R | Right-Side Cable Entry | |||||||||||||||
% | System Size | Output kVAr | Unit Dimensions | Cable Entry | Product Code | |||||||||||
(kVAr) | (Per Step) | (cm) | ||||||||||||||
7% | 210 | 30 | 210 x 80 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5598 | |||||||||||
7% | 250 | 50 | 210 x 80 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5599 | |||||||||||
7% | 300 | 60 | 210 x 80 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5600 | |||||||||||
7% | 360 | 50 | 210 x 100 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5602 | |||||||||||
7% | 420 | 60 | 210 x 100 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5605 | |||||||||||
7% | 540 | 50 | 210 x 100 x 80 | Top and Bottom | L5608 | |||||||||||
7% | 660 | 60 | 210 x 100 x 80 | Top Only | L5610 | |||||||||||
7% | 780 | 120 | 210 x 160 x 60 | Top and Bottom | L5614 | |||||||||||
Controller Ordering Information | ||||||||||||||||
Controller Type | Measurement Level | Number of Groups | Communication Card | Power Supply | Special Type | |||||||||||
ACR | 3 | 12 | 2 | 2 | UT | |||||||||||
Controller Type | ACR | ACTIVAR Controller | ||||||||||||||
Measurement Level | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | ||||||||||||||||
3 | ||||||||||||||||
Number of Groups | Number of Groups (Physical, two digits, maximum 12) | |||||||||||||||
Communication Card | 0 | No Communication | ||||||||||||||
1 | RS 485 ELCOM Protocol | |||||||||||||||
2 | RS 485 ELCOM and MODBUS/RTU Protocols | |||||||||||||||
Power Supply | 1 | 115V | ||||||||||||||
2 | 230V | |||||||||||||||
Special Type | See Controller section in the EQUALIZER | |||||||||||||||
Up to two types can be combined |
Specifications | ||||||||
• Low Voltage Systems: 220V - 690V 50 or 60 Hz Single phase or three-phase • Medium Voltage Systems: Up to 69kV 50 or 60Hz • Ambient Temperature: + 40ºC: max (< 8 hours) + 35ºC: max 24 hours average + 20ºC: yearly average - 10ºC: minimum • Capacitors: Low loss, self healing, IEC 831-1/2 Measured Parameters | • Protection Class: IP20/NEMA 1 (Other on request) • Controller Display: 5” Graphic LCD 160 x 128 pixels High visibility (FSTN) Durable LED Backlight • Design: Steel sheet cabinet • Enclosure Finish: Epoxy powder coated Gray (RAL 7032) | • Internal Parts: Rust-proof alu-zinc • EMC Standards: EN 50081-2, EN 50082-2 EN 55011, EN 61000-4-2/3/4/5 ENV 50204, ENV 50141 • Safety Standards: EN 61010-1, EN 60439-1 UL 508 (on request) | ||||||
Parameter | Phases | Measurement Level | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
Frequency | Common | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • | • | |||
Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Phase to Phase Current* | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | • | • | |||
Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Active Power (kW) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains | • | • | • | |||
Reactive Power (kVAr) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • | • | |||
Apparent Power (kVA) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • | • | |||
Power Factor | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • | • | |||
Time of Use (TOU) - in, out, net, total: | ||||||||
Active Energy (kWh) | Total | Mains | • | • | ||||
Reactive Energy (kVARh) | Total | Mains | • | • | ||||
THD at Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • | ||||
THD at Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | • | ||||
THD at Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | • | ||||
THD at Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | • | ||||
THD at Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | • | ||||
THD at Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | • | ||||
Harmonics of Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | |||||
Harmonics of Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | |||||
Harmonics of Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | |||||
Harmonics of Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | |||||
Harmonics of Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | |||||
Harmonics of Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |||||
Waveforms of Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | |||||
Waveforms of Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | |||||
Waveforms of Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |||||
Waveforms of Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | |||||
Waveforms of Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | |||||
Waveforms of Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |||||
System Log | • | • | • | |||||
Event Log | • | • | • | |||||
• Unique feature: metering internal current of feeder transformer (delta secondary). |
THE EQUALIZER
EQUALIZER Technology
Capacitor Group SwitchingThe EQUALIZER switches capacitor groups on and off using state-of-the-art electronic switches.The connection and disconnection of capacitors occur precisely at zero-current crossing.This smooth connection avoids transient effects typically created by electromechanically switched power factor correction (PFC) systems, extending the life expectancy of the EQUALIZER dramatically. | |||||||||||
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SCAN ModeThe EQUALIZER is equipped with a unique SCAN feature that protects capacitors from exploding and contributes to longer life expectancy by reducing over-current and minimising capacitor heating.The electronic switching element (unlimited operations) connects one capacitor group simultaneously as another group is disconnected.This operation occurs every few seconds, engaging each capacitor group in turn, with total compensation unchanged.This results in mean current reduction due to lower duty cycle (engagement time to cycle time). Together with the unique reactor design, temperature rise of the reactors is substantially reduced and the potential for cabinet overheating is minimised. | ![]() | ||||||||||
Consistent CapacityConventional electromechanical capacitor banks suffer from an ongoing cumulative reduction in capacity due to the effect of transients during connection and disconnection.This can be especially detrimental in tuned and detuned electromechanically switched systems where changes in the ratio between the capacitors and reactors shift the resonant frequency.This scenario can cause resonance, which can cause extreme damage to equipment in the facility.The EQUALIZER prevents this scenario,resulting in longer system life, lower maintenance costs and more consistent harmonic filtration over time. Ideal PFC ControlUsing exclusive automatic control algorithms and rapid electronic switching, total acquisition time (complete compensation of reactive current) is achieved in cycle typical 1⁄4 - 1 cycle max.; (50Hz = 13.3 ms; 60Hz = 11.1 ms), irrespective of the number of steps required. The power factor is controlled very accurately through an advanced open and closed-loop control and measuring system that uses information from all three phases, as well as accounts for the effect of harmonics (1 through 63). Minimum, maximum and average power factor modes, as well as threshold levels, can be selected for perfect compliance with specific network requirements.The EQUALIZER includes a unique solution for line-to-line loads, in which it calculates a transformer’s internal currents and compensates accordingly.Third party measurements have proven the EQUALIZER to be the ultimate solution to offer precise compensation for voltage drop and flickering | ![]() |
Power IQ Measurement & Analysis Software (optional)This Windows-based software can display the system’s status, measurement results and real-time data. ![]() | |||||||||||
The EQUALIZER Power Quality Solution | |||||||||||
DefinitionPower Quality is a term used to define any occurrence of voltage, current or frequency deviation that results in equipment failure, process interruptions or power system inefficiency.These deviations can manifest themselves in harmonics, power factor, voltage sags/swells, voltage flickering,transients and many other forms.The EQUALIZER from Elspec is an all-in-one solution for power quality problems, typically installed near the main service and near major distribution panels. Voltage Sags (Voltage Drops, Under-Voltage)Voltage sags, also known as voltage drops or under-voltage, are caused by local loads, either during motor startup or from rapidly changing loads. This condition is characterised by low power factor and high reactive energy demand.The Elspec EQUALIZER’s ultra-fast technology is designed to act in these specialised conditions. It connects all required capacitor banks in cycle typical (1⁄4 - 1 cycle max.), compensating for the total reactive energy of the event. Moreover, it changes the direction of the voltage drop vector to minimise the sag. As a result, the voltage sag is minimised and in many cases, even eliminated (Please see Motor Startup and Elevator in the application section). Voltage FlickeringVoltage flickering is caused by fast voltage fluctuations commonly associated with rapid loads, such as spot welders. The EQUALIZER’s control technology connects and disconnects all required capacitor banks in cycle typical (1⁄4 - 1 cycle max.), effectively reducing the flicker to acceptable levels (Please see Spot Welding in the application section). Power FactorIn many cases, low power factors result in higher utility bills through penalties and increased demand charges.They also cause system energy losses, overheating, increased maintenance costs and low service utilisation.The Elspec EQUALIZER is the foremost solution for low power | factor, preventing utility penalties, saving energy, reducing maintenance costs and increasing service utilisation. Harmonics (Non-Linear Loads)High harmonic voltages and currents cause significant energy losses, overheating and dramatically increase site vulnerability to failures and fire. More details on harmonics appear under the applications section. Spikes (Transients)Spikes (transients) can cause significant damage to equipment, produce unpredicted power supply failures and degrade capacitors. The EQUALIZER solution uses transient-free switching technology to eliminate all spikes associated with conventional capacitor switching.The results are longer capacitor life expectancy,less maintenance costs and higher network reliability. Service UtilisationHigher service utilisation is a constant wish of all electricity users, whether the power is provided by the utility, generators or other local generation such as wind turbines. Employing the EQUALIZER may dramatically increase the existing service utilisation by reducing the average current and stabilising current fluctuations. Existing installations show service utilisation increases of up to 60% (Please see Generator in the application section, page 12). Voltage ControlIn addition to power factor and other power quality issues, at times there is a need to maintain voltage levels within certain limits due to sensitive equipment or other facility requirements.The EQUALIZER voltage control option offers 6 different voltage control levels that facilitate both high and low parameters.The voltage control operates in parallel with the power factor control and complements it. |
Power Factor Compensation – A ComparisonThe EQUALIZER is an ideal solution for power quality applications. Regardless of the application, the EQUALIZER solution achieves near- perfect power factor control, network stabilisation and energy savings. In many cases, the EQUALIZER is the only proper solution. Implementing slow-response power factor compensation or even quasi-real-time systems in these applications would actually reduce power quality and possibly produce wasted energy.The following example compares the results of the EQUALIZER ( cycle typical, 1⁄4 - 1 cycle max.) with a quasi-realtime solution (1 step, 3 cycles): Correct Compensation Using the EQUALIZERThe top graphs demonstrate the EQUALIZER’s compensation of the reactive current in a 14-cycle energy load.Typical acquisition time (full compensation of reactive current) is less than one cycle and total current is substantially reduced. Adverse Effects of Slower Response SystemsThe bottom graphs demonstrate incorrect compensation where response time is 3 cycles to connect a single group and acquisition time required to connect a total of 4 groups is 12 cycles. Due to the delay in connections, the current is only partially reduced. Further, the corresponding delay in disconnection causes residual current.The overall effect of this compensation system on total current is negative, as the average current of the load is increased,rather than decreased.This phenomena will increase voltage flickering due to overcompensation. | ![]() ![]() | ||||||||||
Applications | |||||||||||
Welding MachinesSpot welding loads fluctuate extremely rapidly and consume large amounts of reactive power. Due to high current changes caused by the near-instantaneous reactive energy consumption, large voltage drops are produced.These sags reduce weld quality and decrease welding productivity. Additionally, these loads often create a high incidence of voltage flickering, which frequently exceeds recommended IEEE limits. Elspec’s real-time EQUALIZER benefits: The top graph on the right demonstrates how the EQUALIZER prevents voltage drop and flickering, substantially reduces the current and fully compensates reactive energy requirements.The bottom graph on the right illustrates welder tips DC current with and without the EQUALIZER solution. Optimal welding conditions require a stable current at the weld tips. In this example, current variations are reduced by 75% with the EQUALIZER solution (±200A vs. ±800A). | ![]() ![]() | ||||||||||
• Plastic Injection MouldingDue to widely varying unsynchronised load conditions, plastic injection moulding applications have rapid and inconsistent reactive energy requirements. Power supply failure during a production cycle can cause enormous financial and physical damage caused by plastic cooling inside the machines. Besides reducing overall system energy losses, Elspec’s EQUALIZER solution drastically reduces the risk for such an event by stabilising the current and voltage levels in the facility on a cycle-by-cycle basis. | Hospitals, High-rises and Other Commercial Buildings (elevators, air conditioning, critical loads) Most commercial buildings have significant load variations caused by elevators, air conditioninig equipment and other rapidly changing loads. Further, today’s medical equipment, computers and other sensitive loads can be damaged by spikes caused by conventionalcapacitor systems.The EQUALIZER: | ||||||||||
Harbour Cranes The complete operation cycle of harbour cranes is approximately one minute. During this time, the crane requires variable amounts of reactive energy, fluctuating rapidly throughout the entire crane cycle. The Elspec EQUALIZER’s real-time solution: | ![]() | ||||||||||
Motor Start-up When connected directly to the line, large squirrel-case inductive motors consume very high current during the start-up period (six times higher than steady state operation).This high current consumption can lead to significant voltage drops on both the low and high voltage sides of the transformer, which interfere with other loads, reduce initial torque and increase start-up time.The EQUALIZER system tracks the reactive current and fully compensates it in cycle typical (1⁄4 - 1 cycle max.), offering the following benefits: | ![]() | ||||||||||
Harmonics FiltrationUtilities generate an almost perfect sinusoidal voltage. Harmonics, created by nonlinear loads such as variable speed drives, power rectifiers, inverters etc., cause nonlinear voltage drops and changes the sinusoidal nature of the voltage. When reactive energy is compensated using capacitors, there is a frequency at which the capacitors are in parallel resonance with the power source (high impedance). If the resonant frequency occurs in proximity to one of the harmonic sources, current can circulate between the supply and the capacitors, resulting in high voltage on the line. In this scenario, current levels may exceed the capacitor's rated current by more than two or three times and can cause transformer burn. Resonance can occur on any frequency, however in most cases, current harmonic source exist at the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonic. The EQUALIZER's custom-designed reactors, used in series with the capacitors, prevent resonance by shifting the capacitor/network resonance frequency below the first dominant harmonic (usually 5th). | ![]() | ||||||||||
Tuned EQUALIZER vs. Active Harmonic FiltersActive filters connect power to the network with an amplitude opposite that of the harmonics. Active filter technology is an expensive solution, and inherently increases system losses. In applications having one or two dominant harmonics, a harmonic tuned Elspec EQUALIZER is the right technical and economic choice, effectively minimising system losses and reducing overall THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). Electric Trains Electric rail lines have long power distribution systems and rapid load changes, leading to substantial voltage drops and voltage flickering. The Elspec EQUALIZER system: | ![]() |
EQUALIZER Technology
Wind EnergyWind turbine generators have become a significant contributor to power generation throughout the world. As a result, utility regulations for wind turbines have become more constrained, and now require stable voltage, reactive energy supply to the network and voltage control to support network failures.The Elspec EQUALIZER-W is specifically engineered for the wind energy market, and features communication protocols that match its controller to the algorithms of leading wind turbine manufacturers worldwide. Generators (Emergency Stand-by, Parallel and Stand-alone Operation)Use of generators for local power generation for normal facility operations and emergency back-up have become much more prevalent in recent years. All types of generators can benefit from power factor compensation provided by the EQUALIZER. Further, the EQUALIZER is the only power factor correction equipment approved for connection by generator manufacturers. | • Increases useable power. Other Industrial LoadsThe Elspec EQUALIZER is successfully installed in thousands of sites with other applications that due to space limitation were not described in this catalog.The EQUALIZER can benefit all users,regardless of their specific application, to save energy, improve power quality, filter harmonics, prevent voltage drops and much more. | ||||||||||
The ControllerA digital signal processor (DSP) and a VLSI component form the basis of the controller’s technology. It features an LCD display, analog and digital circuitry, precise firing algorithms and optional communication capabilities.The controller has 9 input channels: 4 voltages (for Wye networks), 3 main currents and 2 internal system currents. The information obtained from these measurements is used for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis, performed each network cycle on all channels. The advanced control algorithm, which includes unique patent-pending technology for fast compensation, calculates the required compensation in 1ms. Further, harmonics are calculated on all phases, allowing the EQUALIZER to achieve ideal compensation even in the presence of harmonics. The EQUALIZER’s controller is available with a choice of data gathering levels, from essential power parameter measurements only (V, I, f, kW, kVA, kVAr) to complete power system performance monitoring that takes advantage of the comprehensive measurement system (over 2000 electrical parameters, including min/max levels and four-quadrant measurement of power and power factor). The large LCD display is full-graphic, 160 x 128 pixels, and has long-lasting LED backlighting with FSTN technology. Characters are displayed in varying sizes and methods to enhance visibility. These include a Large Digits display, Harmonic spectrums, real-time Waveform plots and simple Text screens that include menus, easy-to-use setup programs and various measurements. The EQUALIZER controller is available with several configuration options: | |||||||||||
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PowerIQ - Measurement & Analysis Software
This optional proprietary software works in parallel with the on-board controller, displaying system status and measurement results in a Windows operating environment, and allows the user remote-access to control various parameters of EQUALIZER system. All network parameters, including harmonics, can be recorded continually or for pre-selected intervals. Recording time is limited only
by the size of the computer's hard disk or other storage device (server, memory card, etc). Electrical events can be captured by associating trigger values to various network power parameters, such as low voltage or high current. The event recording will capture a user-selected before and after window of time. PowerIQ has intranet and internet support capabilities.
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System Structure
Switching Module
The switching module is comprised of solid-state switching elements that provide reliable, high-speed, transient-free operation. Single, double or three-phase electronic switches, SCR/SCR or SCR/diode, are used for each capacitor group. Switching modules are specifically selected for each EQUALIZER system based on the number of overall capacitor groups, current requirements and voltage ratings.
Cabinet Design
Each EQUALIZER system IP20/NEMA1 cabinet is made of steel sheet, which is epoxy powder coated gray (RAL 7032).
Cabinet Options
• Protection class upgrades (IP/NEMA).
• Top-mounted fan unit and filters.
• Lockable controller panel.
• Blown fuse indication.
• Magnetic door lock.
• Top cable supports.
• Lifting eye bolts.
• Pad-lock entry.

Capacitor/Reactor Modules
Iron Core Reactors
Each Elspec EQUALIZER includes specially designed, iron core reactors used in series with the capacitors. Each reactor is manufactured under tight control tolerances to ensure quality, constructed with a laminated, low-hysterisis loss iron core, copper windings, precision-controlled air gaps and Class H insulation (1800oC).
Available reactor types:
Inrush-only: Reactors designed to limit the inrush current which may develop in the capacitors during power up, avoiding damage to switching elements, fuses and capacitors.
De-tuned: Prevent resonance conditions by shifting the capacitor/network resonant frequency to below the first dominant harmonic (usually the 5th).
Capacitors
Elspec EQUALIZER features MKP-type capacitors that are low-loss (0.25W/kVAr) and housed in cylindrical aluminum casings.The MKP-type capacitor is a metallised polypropylene film capacitor featuring self- healing properties and an overpressure tear-off fuse. To reduce the effects of electrical and thermal overload and extend operating life expectancy, the capacitors are connected during zero-current crossing and operated in a time-sharing mode (SCAN).
System Structure
![]() 3 Group Switching Module System Structure | |||||||||||
Low Voltage Systems: 220V - 690V Medium Voltage Systems: Up to 69kV Ambient Temperature: + 40oC: max (< 8 hours) Capacitors:Low loss, self healing, IEC 831-1/2 | Protection Class:IP20/NEMA 1 (Other on request) Controller Display: 5” Graphic LCD Design:Steel sheet cabinet Enclosure Finish: Epoxy powder coated | Internal Parts:Rust-proof EMC Standards: EN 50081-2, EN 50082-2 Safety Standards: EN 61010-1, EN 60439-1 |
Complete System Ordering Information
System Type | Total Power | Step Size | Number of Groups | Nominal Frequency | Reactors Percentage | Network Typology | Effects | Group Protection | Cable Connection | Cable Entry | |||||
EQ | 1440 | 120 | 12 | 400 | 50 | P7 | W | F | C | A | |||||
System Type | EQ | EQUALIZER Complete System | |||||||||||||
Total Power | Total power in kVAr | ||||||||||||||
Step Size | Step size in kVAr (Switching Resolution) | ||||||||||||||
Number of Groups | Number of Groups (Physical, max. 12) | ||||||||||||||
Nominal Voltage | Nominal Phase-to-Phase Voltage in Volts | ||||||||||||||
Nominal Frequency | Nominal Frequency in Hz (50 or 60 Hz) | ||||||||||||||
Reactors Percentage | P0 | Inrush Limiting Reactors Only | |||||||||||||
P# | Percents of Capacity. Example: P7 = 7%. | ||||||||||||||
Network Typology | D | Delta 3 wires | |||||||||||||
W | Wye 4 wires | ||||||||||||||
V | Wye 3 wires | ||||||||||||||
S | Single phase | ||||||||||||||
Group Protection | F | Groups protected by Fuses | |||||||||||||
M | Groups protected by MCCBs | ||||||||||||||
Cable Connection | C | Single Point with Integral Circuit Breaker | |||||||||||||
S | Single Connection Point | ||||||||||||||
M | Multiple Connection Points | ||||||||||||||
Cable Entry | T | Top Cable Entry | |||||||||||||
B | Bottom Cable Entry | ||||||||||||||
A | Top and Bottom Cable Entry | ||||||||||||||
L | Left-side Cable Entry | ||||||||||||||
R | Right-side Cable Entry | ||||||||||||||
Example: EQ 300:60:3-400.50-P7-WFSA.: 300kVAr real-time complete Equalizer system with 5 steps of 60 kVAr with 7%. inductors, for 400V/50Hz 4-wires Wye network.: Dimensions (W x D x H): 800 x 600 x 2100, Short Circuit 35kA, IP20. | |||||||||||||||
Controller Ordering Information | |||||||||||||||
Controller Type | Measurement Level | Number of Groups | Comm. Card | Power Supply | Special Type | ||||||||||
EQC | 3 | 12 | 2 | 2 | WT | ||||||||||
Controller Type | EQC | EQUALIZER Controller | |||||||||||||
Measurement Level | 2 | ||||||||||||||
3 | |||||||||||||||
Number of Groups | Number of Groups (Physical, two digits, maximum 12) | ||||||||||||||
Communication Card | 0 | No Communication | |||||||||||||
1 | RS 485 ELCOM Protocol | ||||||||||||||
2 | RS 485 ELCOM and MODBUS/RTU Protocols | ||||||||||||||
Power Supply | 1 | 115V | |||||||||||||
2 | 230V | ||||||||||||||
Special Type | See Controller section on previous pages | ||||||||||||||
Up to two types can be combined |
Measured Parameters
Parameter | Phases | Measurement Level | ||
Common | 3 | |||
Frequency | Common | Mains | • | • |
Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • |
Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | • |
Phase to Phase Current* | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | • |
Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | • |
Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | • |
Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | • |
Active Power (kW) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains | • | • |
Reactive Power (kVAr) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • |
Apparent Power (kVA) | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • |
Power Factor | L1, L2, L3, Total | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • |
Time of use (TOU) - in, out, net, total: Active Energy (kWh) | Total | Mains | • | • |
Reactive Energy (kVARh) | Total | Mains | • | • |
THD at Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | • |
THD at Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | • |
THD at Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | • |
THD at Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | • |
THD at Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | • |
THD at Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | • |
Harmonics of Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | |
Harmonics of Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | |
Harmonics of Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains, Load | • | |
Harmonics of Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | |
Harmonics of Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | |
Harmonics of Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |
Waveforms of Phase Current | L1, L2, L3 | Mains, Load, Cap. | • | |
Waveforms of Neutral Current | Neutral | Mains | • | |
Waveforms of Phase to Phase Current | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |
Waveforms of Phase Voltage | L1, L2, L3 | Mains | • | |
Waveforms of Neutral Voltage | Neutral | Mains | • | |
Waveforms of Phase to Phase Voltage | L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 | Mains | • | |
System Log | • | • | ||
Event Log | • | • |
EQUALIZER-ST System Overview
The EQUALIZER-ST is a real-time, dynamic reactive power compensation system that utilises a proven industrial technology to provide an additional solution for the challenges related to large motor startups. The system itself operates at low voltage and by utilising a step-up transformer, the EQUALIZER-ST is also able to compensate for medium | Features and Benefits 1. Power Factor Correction | ||||||||||
Electrical Diagram - Low Voltage![]() Electrical Diagram - Medium Voltage![]() |
The Electrical Challenge
A motor start demands very high reactive power for a relatively short period of time.
The starting current of an AC motor usually varies from 6 to 8 times the nominal current.This is due to the large amount of energy that is required to magnetise the motor, enough to overcome the inertia the system has at standstill.The high current drawn from the network usually causes problems such as voltage drop, high transients and in some cases, uncontrolled shutdowns.The graph below demonstrates a typical startup phenomena for a 500kW motor with a power factor of 0.89:
Electrical Diagram - Low Voltage![]() |
Centralised Motor Startup Compensation
The EQUALIZER-ST is a centralised motor startup solution, that provides fast compensation in real-time. In an environment of many motors, one EQUALIZER-ST system serves any number of motors, assuming that two motors are not started simultaneously. By eliminating the need to use individual motor soft starters for each motor, makes the system much more cost effective in comparison to other compensation systems.
Mitigating Voltage Sags
The most common causes of overcurrents leading to voltage sags are motor startups. One of the main design features of the EQUALIZER-ST is its ability to mitigate voltage sags during motor startup operations. As demonstrated in the diagram below, it is able to do so by injecting reactive power, for the given voltage sag magnitude at the required compensation period. This diagram includes a transformer [T] its impedance [XLT, RLT], an additional line [XL, RL], the EQUALIZER-ST [XC] and the load [RLOAD, XLOAD].
Electrical Diagram - Low Voltage![]() | |||||||||||
During a voltage sag the source input [U0] drops to a substantially lower level - U1. As soon as the voltage sag starts, the EQUALIZER-ST immediately connects in order to create a total leading current [Red]. Once it is connected the voltage drop on the resistive part is synchronised with the total current, shifting in a counter clockwise [opposite] direction. Subsequently, the voltage drop on the inductive part also shifts to 90 ̊, resulting in a substantially lower U0. | ![]() |
Optimising Network Power Quality and System Performance
The EQUALIZER-ST minimises the motor’s startup period, thereby avoiding unnecessary wear to the motor and simultaneously extending the motor’s life expectancy. The system also improves the overall power quality of the network, by reducing harmonic levels and introducing transient-free switching. It also significantly reduces the startup current, thereby securing a safe and successful startup of the motor.
EQUALIZER-ST Low Voltage 176kW Motor Startup
Actual Measurement Data Without Compensation
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The table below, outlines the differences in measured parameters without and with EQUALIZER-ST compensation:
Parameter | Without Compensation | With EQUALIZER-ST Compensation | Improvement |
Total Voltage Sag During Startup ∆U % | -14% | -2% | 85% |
Current During Startup | 1600Amp | 600Amp | 61% |
Startup Duration | 5.4 seconds | 3.8 seconds | 30% |
EQUALIZER-ST Low Voltage 176kW Motor Startup
Actual Measurement Data With EQUALIZER-ST Compensation
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EQUALIZER-ST Low Voltage 176kW Motor Startup
Zoom-In EQUALIZER-ST Step-By-Step Compensation
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EQUALIZER-ST Medium Voltage - 1.5Mw Motor Startup
Actual Measurement Data Without Compensation
Medium Voltage Startup
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66kV and 11kV Network Startups
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The table below, outlines the differences in measured parameters without and with EQUALIZER-ST compensation:
Parameter | Without Compensation | With EQUALIZER-ST Compensation | Improvement | |
Total Voltage Sag During Startup At 66 kV ΔU % | -4.1% | -1.4% | 65% | |
Total Voltage Sag During Startup At 11 kV ∆U % | -8.8% | -2.8% | 68% | |
Total Current At 11 kV | 580 Amp | 280 Amp | 51% |
Actual Measurement Data With EQUALIZER-ST Compensation
Medium Voltage Startup
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66kV and 11kV Network Startups
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Actual Electrical Diagram - 66kV and 11kV Network
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Specifications
Low Voltage System which is designed to control the reactive energy at MV using a boosting transformer* | Primary: Up to 66kV | ||||||
Secondary: 690V (typically) | |||||||
Start-up Time | Up to 30 seconds | ||||||
Duty Cycle | 5% | ||||||
Ambient Temperature Limits | -10 ºC up to 40 ºC | ||||||
Capacitors | Low loss, self healing IEC 831-1/2 | ||||||
Protection Class | IP 20/NEMA 1 (Others on Request) | ||||||
Design | Sheet Steel Cabinet | ||||||
Enclosure Finish | Epoxy powder coated gray (RAL 7032) | ||||||
Internal Parts | Rust-proof alu-zinc | ||||||
EMC Standards | EN 50081-2 | EN 61000-4-2/3/4/5 | |||||
EN 50082-2 | ENV 50204 | ||||||
EN 55011 | ENV 50141 | ||||||
Safety Standards | EN 61010-1 | ||||||
EN 60439 |
• The System can be used without a boosting transformer for networks up to 690V (480V, 400V, etc.)
Cabinets | Low Voltage 400V | Medium Voltage 690V | |||||
![]() | Reactive Power [kVAr] | Up to 850kVAr Per Cabinet | Up to 1400kVAr Per Cabinet | ||||
Dimensions [H x W x D] | 210 x 100 x 80cm | 210 x 100 x 80cm |
G4500/G3500 PORTABLE POWER QUALITY ANALYSER BLACKBOX
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G4500/G3500 Portable Power Quality in High Definition
• No Missed Events
• Quick & Simple Setup
• Remote Connectivity
• Absolutely identify all power quality events
• Plug it in and never miss another event
The Perfect Portable Solution
Tailored for PQ Analysis at any location, the portable G4500 and G3500 BLACKBOX device series has been especially designed to address the needs of:
• Site Engineers
• Electrical Consultants
• Utilities
All Inclusive
Everything you need in a Portable Power Quality Solution and more:
• Four Flexible AC Current Clamps (Automatically Detected)
• Seven Voltage Leads1 (Automatically Detected)
• Durable Carrying Case
• Rechargeable Power Supply (2 Hours Standby)
• Wireless Network2
• PQSCADA/Investigator Software CD
• Mobile Analysis Lab
Note
• Only 5 Voltage Leads Supplied with G3500
• G4500 Unit Only
Features and Benefits
No Missed Events
The BLACKBOX Portable, coined POWER QUALITY IN HIGH DEFINITION, records all the parameters, all the time. Capture everything for more than a year1,2: trends, Volts/Amps/Hz, events, harmonics, THD, flicker, power and energy to get down to the root cause of all Power Quality issues. It is the only measurement device capable of FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) computation, for every cycle, simultaneously recording both IEC 61000-4-30 and Cycle- By-Cycle measurements.
Quick and Simple Setup
Specifically designed for a quick and easy portable setup, simply connect the Portable BLACKBOX, record and measure all electrical information.The device doesn’t rely on any pre-programmed triggers, events or thresholds. If so required, the device may also include individual pre-programmed parameters.
Remote Connectivity
Built-in web server allows remote monitoring using standard web browsers. With a 802.11 access point and Ethernet router b/g1, the BLACKBOX Portable enables remote analysis:
Plug-and-Play
The Portable BLACKBOX is equipped with a plug-and-play probe interface that allows it to automatically detect probes and clamps during setup.
Full Compliance with IEC 61000-4-30 Class A | ||||||||
Far surpassing the highest standards set by the industry, the Portable BLACKBOX complies with standards for: aggregations, time clock uncertainty, flagging, and transient influence quantities. |
Advanced PQSCADA
By effectively processing enormous amounts of recorded network data, PQSCADA Software provides an immediate, and understandable picture of everything that happened within the network, anywhere, anytime.
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Automated Reports | ||||||||
Generate automated reports set to any customised pre-scheduled period. Event data is exportable to either COMTRADE or PQDIF, and all other data to PDF, EXCEL and HTML. |
Optional Accessories
Type | Description | Product Code | |
GPS (Global Positioning System) | |||
![]() | The GPS provides an optimal mobile time synchronisation solution for accurate time data via satellite signal. In the absence of many other technologies, it synchronises time at any remote site location. | O10860 | |
Multi-Frequency 3.5G Wireless Modem | |||
![]() | The Wireless GPRS Modem provides fast mobile communication access and offers the perfect solution in industrial data communication. It is fitted with a SIM Card drawer structure, and it may be connected with any standard RS-422 interface. Data is transmitted at 3.5G and the modem is fully compatible with GSM/GPRS/EDGE. | O10861 | |
DC Current Clamp | |||
![]() | Model | SOA-0270-1400 | |
Current Measurement | 1,500A DC / 1,000A AC | ||
Output Signal | 1m V/A, 10m V/A | O10862 | |
Operating Temperature | - 20°C to + 60°C | ||
Cable Length | 1.4m | ||
1-6 A Mini Clamp | |||
![]() | Model | SOA-0010-0500 | O10863 |
Current Measurement | Up to 6A AC (1A Nominal) | ||
Output Signal | 100 mV/A | ||
Operating Temperature | - 20°C to + 60°C | ||
Cable Length | 1.2m |
Type | Description | Product Code | |
100A Mini Clamp | |||
![]() | Model | SOA-0180-5000 | O10864 |
Measurement Range | Up to 100APK AC | ||
“Hole” Dimensions | 10mm Max | ||
Operating Temperature | - 20°C to + 60°C | ||
Cable Length | 1.2m | ||
Custom Clamp 3-Flexible Current Probes | |||
![]() | Model | SOA-3003-0270 | O10865 |
Current Range | 30A/300A/3000A AC RMS | ||
Operating Temperature | - 20°C to + 65°C | ||
Probe Cable Length | 610mm (24”) | ||
Probe Cable Diameter | 194mm (7.5”) | ||
Custom Clamp 1-Flexible Current Probes | |||
![]() | Model | SOA-3003-0270 | O10866 |
Current Range | 30A/300A/3000A AC RMS | ||
Operating Temperature | - 20°C to + 65°C | ||
Probe Cable Length | 610mm (24”) | ||
Probe Cable Diameter | 194mm (7.5”) |
Note:
Product Selection Guide
Product Series | G3500 | G4500 | ||||
Product Specifications | ||||||
Voltage Sampling Rate, Maximum Samples/Cycle | 512 | 1024 | ||||
Voltage Harmonics (Individual, Even, Odd, Total) Up to | 255 TH | 511 TH | ||||
Type of Analog to Digital Converter | 16/201 bit | 16/201 bit | ||||
Storage Capacity | ||||||
Internal Memory | 256 MB/256GB2 | 32 GB/32TB2 | ||||
Power Quality Analysis | ||||||
Transient Detection, Microseconds (50Hz/60Hz) | 39/32.5µs | 19.5/16.3µs | ||||
Communication Ports | ||||||
Ethernet Ports | 1 | 3 | ||||
Wi-Fi Communications (802.11g) | - | 1 | ||||
Power Over Ethernet (PoE- Out) | - | |||||
Digital Input | 4 | 4 | ||||
Measurements | ||||||
Voltage Channels | 4 (3 Phases + Neutral) | 4 (3 Phases + Neutral) + 1 DC | ||||
Current Channels | 4 (3 Phases + Neutral) | 4 (3 Phases + Neutral) + 1Grn/DC | ||||
Physical | ||||||
Dimensions | 314 x 84 x 269mm | 314 x 84 x 271mm | ||||
Weight | 3.7kg | 3.7kg |
Specifications
Applicable Measurement Standards | Control | |||||||
EN50160, IEEE1159, IEEE519, IEC61000-4-15, IEC61000-4-7, IEC61000-4-30 Class A | Comprehensive web server for local and remote real-time monitoring and control | |||||||
Applicable EMC Standards | Applicable Environmental Standards | |||||||
EN61326, CFR47FCC, CISPR11 Group 1, FCC PART 15 Subpart B, EN61010-2, IEC61000-3-3, IEC61000-4-2, IEC61000-4-3, IEC61000-4-4, IEC61000-4-5, IEC61000-4-6, IEC61000-4-11 | IEC60068-2-1, 2, 6, 27, 30, 75 | |||||||
Applicable Safety Standards | Serial Ports | |||||||
EN61010-1:2001 2nd Edition | RS-232 | |||||||
RS-485 | ||||||||
Voltage | Current | |||||||
Nominal Full Scale | 1000V | Current Channels Receive | I1-I4: 0-10 VPk I5: 0-3 VPk From Clamp | |||||
Maximum Peak Measurement | 8000V | Uncertainty | 0.1% ±0.1 mV | |||||
Input Impedance | 3MΩ | |||||||
Uncertainty | 0.1% of Nominal | |||||||
Power Supply | Time | |||||||
Operating Range | 100-260 VAC: 50/60 Hz 100-300 VDC | Real Time Clock | ±1 Second per 24 Hours | |||||
Auxiliary DC Supply | 48 Vdc | Synchronisation Device | Accuracy | |||||
Auxiliary Supply – PoE In | According to 802.3af | GPS | 100-200µs | |||||
Battery Backup | 2 Hours | IRIG B | 100-200µs | |||||
DCF-77 | ±15ms | |||||||
SNTP Server | 50-100µs | |||||||
Frequency | Environmental Conditions | |||||||
Fundamental Frequency | 42.5 Hz to 69 Hz | Operation Temperature | 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122 °F) | |||||
Frequency Resolution | 10 mHz | Storage Temperature | -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140 °F) | |||||
Frequency Accuracy | ±10 mHz | |||||||
Note: • Effective bits. • Equivalent memory size needed without compression. • Disclaimer: Specifications subject to change without prior notice. |
PQSCADA POWER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SUITE
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PQSCADA Power Quality Management Suite (Enterprise Edition)
Elspec’s innovative PQSCADA Power Quality Management Suite software simplifies troubleshooting. With this user-friendly system, you can now configure, control, monitor, compare, and analyse time synchronised data from any number of BLACKBOX devices, within a particular site or across many sites.
Features and Benefits
Data Analysis
Powerful analysis software that allows you to focus on detailed data over a wide range of parameters. With a simple click of your mouse, you can zoom in from a year’s worth of data to less than a millisecond in order to identify power quality details that include trends,Volts,Amps,Hz,events,harmonics,THD, flicker, power and energy.
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Export CompatibilityAll automated reports can be easily exported to many compatible formats such as: COMTRADE and PQDIF (event reports), PDF, EXCEL, HTML and TXT (all other reports). Automated Report GeneratorPQSCADA has been uniquely adapted to generate automatic reports, based on any specification, on an unique electrical event or simply according to a set time schedule (monthly, daily, weekly). Conforming to the highest industry standards, the templates of the Automated Report Function are not only based on EN50160 standards, but also on a wide range of standards from other major countries.These templates may also be uniquely adapted to suit the requirements of individual users. Automatic Notificationsany electrical event. These notifications can be sent by a variety of communication means: E-Mail, SMS and/or Pop-Ups. | ![]() | ||||
Multiple Device SynchronisationEach individual BLACKBOX continuously records waveforms that PQSCADA will automatically collect, store and process. Analysis of any event propagation requires measurements taken from multiple locations.The accuracy level is dependent on precise time synchronisation, and as such, each device can be continuously synchronised to an accurate external time source or to each other. Due to the continuous waveform recording from multiple points, any event can be clearly viewed as it propagates from one point to another, providing a clear and comprehensive picture of conditions leading up to, during, and after event. | ![]() |
PQSCADA/Investigator Versatility
The PQSCADA and associated Investigator Software Applications offer a wide range adaptation and options for configuration making it extremely versatile to meet the needs and requirements of individual users. The PQSCADA Server forms the heart of the BLACKBOX device series, and may be connected to an infinite number of devices.
Download![]() PQSCADA collects all waveform data that has been continuously recorded in the compressed PQZIP format. | Process![]() The data is processed and organised for quick access and storage. A wide range of electrical parameters are then calculated based on the raw PQZIP data. The reorganised PQZIP data, and the calculated parameters with statistics included, are stored and available on the network for later retrieval. | ||||
Deliver![]() All the electrical information, including event flagging and notifications are delivered over a number of communication gateways.This feature includes report exports in various compatible formats such as COMTRADE, PQDIF, CSV, RTF, HTML, PDF, etc. | Visualise![]() Detailed data can be easily analysed by any number of clients at any location. The Investigator Software provides an immediate,comprehensive and understandable picture of everything that happened within the network. |
Real-Time Status
With a simple click of your mouse, map all your BLACKBOX units on site, and establish the status of all your units down to a singular unit.
Advanced PQSCADA
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Data Retrieval
A wide range of communication gateways can be used to rapidly retrieve the compressed PQZIP data at any user-defined time interval.
3 Optional Operation Scenarios
End-users may choose how to utilise PQSCADA and Investigator Software Applications according to their requirements. Elspec offers 3 operational scenarios:
Conventional Profile Via the NetworkWithin this scenario, choose how to take advantage of the PQSCADA and Investigator Software Programs. PQSCADA is installed on a server, the system is managed on the network, with the Investigator application accessible via the internet. Elspec’s Hosting ProfileData from all installed devices are transmitted to Elspec’s Data Storage Center. Data is accessed and analysed with the Investigator Client programs. Alternatively, a third party can be authorised to analyse the Power Quality Data via this option. Stand-Alone ProfileIndividually installed devices may record data at any location (usually remote) over a chosen period of time (up to 1 year). Data is accessed and downloaded on an ad-hoc basis at the location using one of the many available connection gateways (wireless,TCP/IP connection). Downloaded data may either be redirected and managed using the user’s own Server Profile, or to Elspec’s Host Server Profile. | ![]() |
Unparalleled Data Recording Capability
Record and store all electrical information, all the time, for more than a year with no gaps in the data.
G4K FIXED POWER QUALITY ANALYSER BLACKBOX
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G4K The Future of Power Quality • Continuous Waveform Recordings The Perfect Fixed SolutionThe innovative design of the G4400 BLACKBOX device series is a technological breakthrough providing the perfect PQ Analysis solution. Its’ enhanced capabilities are uniquely adaptable to address the individual needs and requirements for almost any business and/or application. | ![]() |
Electrical Utilities | Industrial and Commercial | |
• Produce Detailed and Comprehensive Statistical Records • Avoid Customer Disputes • Troubleshoot all Power Quality Issues at a High Resolution • Ensure a Reliable and Consistent Supply of Energy • Assess the Status of your System Apparatus | • Measure & Analyse System Efficiency, Provide Solutions, Increase Profits • Empower Negotiating Capabilities with Power Providers • Detect Electric Bill Inconsistencies • Avoid PQ Compliance Issues |
Unique Features
Continuous Waveform RecordingsExclusive only to the G4K, the device is able to record and store all electrical waveforms, all the time, for more than a year (Voltage at 1024 samples per cycle,and Current at 256 samples per cycle1,2),with no gaps in the data.These innovations in the technology provide a clear and comprehensive picture of conditions leading up to, during, and after an event. Superior AccuracyElspec’s pioneering measurement method utilises a dual-range gain of 2x16 Bit to yield, a superior accuracy far surpassing IEC 61000-4-30 Class A requirements, thereby capturing the finest details and deviations in PQ parameters. Threshold-Free SetupThe G4K’s setup is free from any thresholds, triggers, and events. If required, the device may also be pre programmed with any individual parameters during setup for event flagging. SCADA CompatibleThe BLACKBOX device series is equipped with standard industrial protocols for seamless integration into any existing SCADA system. Standard Compliance TestingThe G4K provides PQ parameters according to EN50160 and IEC 61000-4-30, including other National Standards. Parameters may also be customised to comply with any other unique standards or requirements. Remote Monitoring CapabilitiesThe G4K is specifically designed to connect either via TCP/IP/RTU/GPRS Wireless for ease of use. Data may be analysed over any network, at any remote location. | ||
Full Compliance with IEC 61000-4-30 Class A | ||
Far surpassing the highest standards set by the industry, the BLACKBOX device series complies with standards for: aggregations, time clock uncertainty, flagging, and transient influence quantities. | ||
Note: • G4430 Unit Only. | ||
Advanced PQSCADAThe Power Quality Management Software Suite (Enterprise Edition) empowers the G4K with an unparalleled data recording capability providing the most accurate detection and isolation of PQ anomalies for the diagnosis and effective maintenance of equipment. Elspec’s innovative PQSCADA Power Quality Management Suite software simplifies troubleshooting.This user-friendly system allows for the control, configuration, comparison and analysis of time-synchronised data recorded by any number of BLACKBOX devices within a particular site or across many sites. ![]() | ||
Automated Reports | ||
Generate automated reports set to any customised pre-scheduled period. Event data is exportable to either COMTRADE or PQDIF, and all other data to PDF, EXCEL and HTML. |
Optional Accessories
Type | Description | Product Code |
G4100 Display | ||
![]() | The Elspec G4100 display unit provides full control over all the analysers, allowing technicians and field operators to fully configure and operate every single analyser in the network. The G4100 can be used as a hand held monitoring and configuration tool, connectable via a TCP/IP connection. | O10976 |
GPS (Global Positioning System) | ||
![]() | The GPS provides an optimal mobile time synchronisation solution for accurate time data via satellite signal. In the absence of many other technologies, it synchronises time at any remote site location. | O10860 |
Multi-Frequency 3.5G Wireless Modem | ||
![]() | The Wireless GPRS Modem provides fast mobile communication access and offers the perfect solution in industrial data communication. It is fitted with a SIM Card drawer structure, and it may be connected with any standard RS-422 interface. Data is transmitted at 3.5G, and the modem is fully compatible with GSM/GPRS/EDGE. | O10861 |
G4400 Multi I/O Expansion | ||
![]() | The G4400 optional module expands the monitoring capabilities of the BLACKBOX with additional digital and analog I/O ports. The I/O Engine periodically checks the inputs and sets the outputs accordingly. Energy pulses, Digital Inputs and Analog Inputs are logged continuously, from Current to Voltage relays and stored in the PQZIP files. | O10977 |
Note:
IEC 61000-4-30 Class A Test ReportsUpon request, Elspec can provide a comprehensive functionality and calibration test report for each analyser. Fully automated calibration software is also available for customers in-house use.
Product Selection Guide
Product Series | G4410 | G4420 | G4430 | |||
Real-Time Measurements | ||||||
Voltage Sampling Rate, Maximum Samples/Cycle | 256 | 512 | 1024 | |||
Voltage Harmonics (Individual, Even, Odd, Total) Up to | 127th | 255th | 511th | |||
Type of Analog to Digital Converter | 16/201 bit | 16/201 bit | 16/201 bit | |||
Storage Capacity | ||||||
Internal Memory | 128MB | 4GB | 16GB | |||
Power Quality Analysis | ||||||
Transient Detection, Microseconds (50Hz/60Hz) | 78.1/65.1µs | 39/32.5µs | 19.5/16.3µs | |||
Communication Ports | ||||||
Ethernet Ports | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
Power Over Ethernet (PoE- Out) | - | |||||
Voltage Ride Through on Power Loss (up to) | 10 seconds | 25 seconds | 25 seconds |
Specifications
Applicable Measurement Standards | Control | |||||
EN50160, IEEE1159, IEEE519, IEC61000-4-15, IEC61000-4-7, IEC61000-4-30 Class A, IEC62053-22/23 Class 0.2 | Comprehensive web server for local and remote real-time monitoring and control | |||||
Applicable EMC Standards | Applicable Environmental Standards | |||||
EN55011 Group 1 Class A, EN60439-1 (clauses 7.9.1, 7.9.3, 7.9.4, 7.10.3, 7.10.4), FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A, IEC61000-3-3, EN61000-6-2, IEC60255 | IEC60068-2-1, 2, 6, 11, 27, 30, 75 | |||||
Applicable Safety Standards | ||||||
EN61010-1:2001 2nd Edition | ||||||
Voltage | Power Supply | |||||
Channels | 3 Phase + Neutral | Auxiliary Supply – PoE In | According to 802.3af | |||
Nominal Full Scale | 1000V | Auxiliary DC Supply | 48 VDC | |||
Maximum Peak Measurement | 8kV | Operating Range | 100-260 VAC: 50/60 Hz 100-300 VDC | |||
Input Impedance | 3MΩ | |||||
Uncertainty | 0.1% of Nominal | |||||
Current | Time | |||||
Channels | 3 Phase + Neutral | Real Time Clock | 20ppm | |||
Nominal Full Scale | 5A | Synchronisation Device | Accuracy | |||
Maximum Peak Measurement | 50A | GPS | 100-200µs | |||
Burden | 0.0001VA@5A | IRIG B | 100-200µs | |||
Phase | ±0.42°@3A ±0.17°@5A | DCF-77 | ±15ms | |||
Uncertainty | 0.1% of Nominal | SNTP Server | 50-100µs | |||
Frequency | Communication Protocols | |||||
Fundamental Frequency | 42.5 Hz to 69 Hz | Modbus TCP, Modbus RTU, OPC, DNP3 SMTP Client | ||||
Frequency Resolution | 10 mHz | RS-485/422 | ||||
Frequency Accuracy | ±10 mHz | |||||
Physical | Environmental Conditions | |||||
Dimensions | 175 x 232 x138mm | Operation Temperature | --20°C to 70°C(-4°F to 158°F) | |||
Weight | 1.7kg | Storage Temperature | - 40°C to 85°C(-40°F to 185°F) |
DIGITAL FAULT RECORDER (DFR) BLACKBOX
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DFR Fully Featured Digital Fault Recorder • Continuous Waveform Recordings The Perfect DFR Solution The BLACKBOXDFR is a fully-featured Digital Fault Recorder with continuous recording capabilities that make it possible to analyse short transient events, long term disturbances, as well as, trend input quantities. Features and BenefitsContinuous Waveform RecordingsExclusive only to the BLACKBOX family, the DFR is able to record and store all electrical waveforms for more than a year (Voltage and Current at 1024 samples per cycle).The BLACKBOXDFR’s pioneering measurement method yields a superior accuracy by utilising a 24-Bit A/D converter, thereby capturing the finest power quality details and deviations for 10 000 electrical parameters. Software-Free SolutionThe continuous recordings of the BLACKBOXDFR are saved on the device’s local database. Based on the BLACKBOX’s exclusive sampling rate, data may be accessed and analysed directly either via the device’s touch screen or any web browser at a resolution from 1⁄2 cycle up to 2 hours. Time SynchronisationA unique time synchronisation algorithm assures that logged data from all the fault recorders located at different locations, is synchronised and displayed on the same time scale with typical 1 μsecond resolution.The time synchronisation accuracy is further assured by the use of additional components, such as a GPS or a SNTP server. Results: every event from all BLACKBOXDFR devices is accurately analysed at the exact time interval for a precise root cause analysis. Accurate Fault-Location AlgorithmThe BLACKBOXDFR is equipped with a one and two-terminal impedance-based fault-location algorithm, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model.The algorithm utilises synchronised measurements of voltages and currents from either one or two ends of a line,and formulates fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals.The fault-location algorithm is also geared up to calculate the distance from any fault to the measurement terminal. Real-Time Monitoring Via Touch Screen ControThe system features a user friendly touch screen interface that is easy to operate. All functions and measured values are accessed from the main menu. Monitor and control all your analog and digital inputs including important computed values at a glance in real-time. |
Full IEC 61850 Substation-Protocol Support | ||
The BLACKBOXDFR fully complies with the IEC 61850 standards for substation automation that ensures complete control over all the equipment and systems during the acquisition, transferal and storage of events and data. | ||
Extended Web InterfaceThe BLACKBOXDFR is equipped with a fully featured web server using HTML5 web technology, enabling it to interface with any web-enabled device using most web browsers. Automatically access, process and transfer electrical data from any location via mobile smartphones, PDAs, iPads, tablets, or any other conventional PCs over a wide range of communication gateways. | ||
General Overview | ||
![]() | The general overview of the BLACKBOXDFR, presents a full status of the measurements and system at a single glance. Divided into two sections, the left section contains measurements over each channel, RMS, THD values and RMS trends. Whereas the right section houses all the system information, system status and event listings. | |
Investigation | ||
![]() | From 10 000 parameters recorded over 16 analog and 96 digital channels, zoom in on the finest power quality detail from 1 µsecond up to one year. Monitor the condition of the network system, detect instabilities earlier, effectively predict future failures with comprehensive information that is readily available. Analysis-made-easy with data that is displayed either by scopes, trends, statistics, summaries, spectrum graphs and more. | |
Events | ||
![]() | Effectively monitor a multitude of events including custom events, categorised either by Digital Input or by Power Quality events such as: dips; swells; transients etc. Enhanced system configurations makes it easy to configure any event based on any parameter(s) for any channel(s). The event platform makes data available either by category and or any combination of events, aggregated events and custom events. |
Unique Architecture
Single/Double System Adaptability
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The BLACKBOXDFR is housed in a metal cased enclosure, that may be mounted either on a 48.3cm (19”) / 24.1cm (9.5”) rack. The system architecture can be uniquely adapted either as a singular/double digital fault recorders.
Physical Dimensions
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Measurements [W x H x D] Excluding Enclosure | Measurements [W x H x D] Including Enclosure | ||||
Single | 21.5 x 22.1 x 29.1 cm (8.48 x 8.7 x 11.45”) | Single | 24.1 x 22.1 x 29.1 cm (9.5 x 8.7 x 11.45”) | ||
Double | 43.1 x 22.1 x 29.1 cm (16.96 x 8.7 x 11.45”) | Double | 45.7 x 22.1 x 29.1 cm (18 x 8.7 x 11.45”) |
Product Selection Guide
Specifications | |||||
General | |||||
Sampling Rate, Samples/Cycle | Analog Channels: 1024 | Digital Channels: 128 | |||
Accuracy | 0.1% Both Voltage and Current | ||||
Type of Analog to Digital Converter | 24 Bit | ||||
Internal Memory | 32 GB Per 16 Analog Channels | ||||
Time Resolution | 1 μsec | ||||
Time Synchronisation between Devices | 30 nsec | ||||
Internal Clock | 20 ppm Excluding External Synchronisation | ||||
Power Quality Analysis | |||||
Transient Detection, Microseconds (50Hz/60Hz) | 19.5/16.3µs | ||||
Applicable Measurement Standards | Human Machine Interface | ||||
EN50160, IEEE1159, IEEE519, IEC61000-4-15, IEC61000-4-7, IEC61000-4-30 Class A, IEC62053-22/23 Class 0.2 | Built-in 5” 1MP color touch LCD access for configuration, control and monitoring of all chan- nels. Additional comprehensive web server for local and remote real-time monitoring, his- torical data analysis and control | ||||
Applicable Safety Standards | Applicable Environmental Standards | ||||
EN61010-1:2001 3RD Edition | IEC60068-2-1, 2, 6, 11, 27, 30, 75 | ||||
Applicable EMC Standards | Voltage | ||||
EN55011 Group 1 Class A, EN60439-1 (clauses 7.9.1, 7.9.3, 7.9.4, 7.10.3, 7.10.4), FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A, IEC61000-3-3, EN61000-6-2, IEC60255 | Channels | Selectable 0/4/8/12/16 | |||
Nominal Full Scale | 1000V | ||||
Maximum Peak Measurement | 8kV | ||||
Input Impedance | 3MΩ | ||||
Uncertainty | 0.1% of Nominal | ||||
Current | Time | ||||
Channels | Selectable 0/4/8/12/16 | Real Time Clock | 20ppm | ||
Nominal Full Scale | 5A/1A | Synchronisation Device | Accuracy | ||
Maximum Peak Measurement | 100A | GPS | 1µs | ||
Burden | 0.0001VA@5A | IRIG B | 1µs | ||
Uncertainty | 0.1% of Nominal | ||||
Frequency | Power Supply | ||||
Fundamental Frequency | 37 Hz to 72 Hz | Auxiliary DC Supply | 24 VDC | ||
Frequency Resolution | 1 mHz | Operating Range | 100-260 VAC: 50/60 Hz 100-300 VDC | ||
Frequency Accuracy | ±1 mHz | ||||
Environmental Conditions | Communication Protocol | ||||
Operation Temperature | --20°C to 70°C(-4°F to 158°F) | IEC 61850 | |||
Storage Temperature | - 40°C to 85°C(-40°F to 185°F) |
Disclaimer: Specifications subject to change. Confirm latest specifications at time of order.